Metopus minor (Kahl, 1927)
Most likely ID: n.a.
Synonyms: Metopus setosus var. minor, Metopus recurvatus, Metopus recurvatus var. pusillus
Sampling location: Simmelried
Phylogenetic tree: Metopus minor
Diagnosis:
- body oblong with a distinct overhanging apical dome on left side
- length 30–40 µm
- adoral zone short, 5–6 membranelles, running obliquely before ist bent to posterior end
- mouth opening near cell equator
- perizonal stripe consisting of 5 ciliary rows
- one spherical to slightly ellipsoidal macronucleus, diameter 7–8 µm, with many nucleoli
- one spherical micronucleus, diameter 2–3 µm
- very long caudal cilia (30–50 µm)
- contractile vacuole terminal

Metopus minor was first described in 1927 by Kahl as Metopus setosus var. minor. His description is very short (2 lines) and is very superficial. In 1980 Foissner published a detailed redescription in the course of which he united the species and varieties Metopus setosus var. minor, Metopus recurvatus and Metopus recurvatus var. pusillus under Metopus minor.
So far I could detect Metopus minor exclusively in the Simmelried. Possibly I have overlooked this species so far in my other localities because of the small size of Metopus minor. The ciliate is fast swimming and rotating around its longitudinal axis. In addition, Metopus minor is very coverslip sensitive, which makes it much more difficult to examine. The species is very characteristic by the protruding apical dome and the long caudal cilia. I could observe that the posterior cell pole is cilia-free and that the caudal cilia arise around this bare field (s. fig. 1 i). This arrangement was not mentioned by Kahl or Foissner. In some specimens I could see attached bacteria on the pellicle (s. fig. 1 f). I could also observe this phenomenon in Metopus gibbus and Ludio parvulus. Whether these attached bacteria are symbionts or if the ciliate is used as a transport vehicle cannot be decided without further investigation.

Fig. 1 a-i: Metopus minor. L = 31 µm. A freely swimming specimen from ventral (a-f) and from dorsal (g-i). Note that the posterior cell pole is cilia-free (CF). The ventral side of this specimen was covered with adhering bacteria (AB). AZM = adoral zone of membranelles, CC = caudal cilia, Ma = macronucleus, Mi = micronucleus, PC = perizonal cilia. Obj. 100 X.