Chaetophoropsis elegans

(Roth) B.Wen Liu, Qian Xiong, X.Dong Liu, Z.Yu Hu & G.Xiang Liu, 2019

Most likely ID: n.a.

 

Synonym: Chaetophora elegans

 

Sampling location: Simmelried

 

Phylogenetic tree: Chaetophoropsis elegans

 

Diagnosis: 

  • macroscopic thallus spherical, hemispherical or tubercular
  • thallus in a soft mucilaginous envelope
  • diameter of thallus up to several centimeter
  • filaments of cells arranged radially, trichotomously branched at distal end
  • end of filaments are tapered, end in a bluntly pointed cell
  • some terminal cells bearing multicellular setae lacking chloroplasts
  • width of cells 6–15 µm
  • one parietal chloroplast
  • one to several pyrenoids
  • reproduction by quadriflagellate zoospores
Chaetophoropsis-elegans
Chaetophoropsis elegans

I find the macroscopically visible thalli of Chaetophoropsis elegans very frequently in the Simmelried. The thalli are either free-floating, lying loosely on the layer of mud, or attached to other aquatic plants and pieces of wood. Most of the time, I only find thalli that are a few millimeters in size, more or less spherical in shape.

 

The green alga Chaetophoropsis elegans was first described by Roth in 1806 as Chaetophora elegans. In 2019, it was renamed Chaetophoropsis elegans by B.W. Liu et al. based on genetic and morphological studies.

 

The thalli of Chaetophoropsis elegans consist of radially arranged filaments, which branch repeatedly towards the end. This results in a dense arrangement of branched filaments on the outside (s. figs. 2 and 3). The ends of these filaments taper to a terminal cell, which is bluntly pointed (s. fig. 3). However, some filaments do not end in terminal cells but instead form a seta (s. figs. 4 and 5). This is formed by repeated cell division, with the chloroplast of the cell being increasingly degraded after each division (s. fig. 5). In the distal cells of the seta, the protoplasts eventually die off as well, leaving behind empty, colorless cells that form the seta.

 

The thalli of Chaetophoropsis elegans are often colonized by unicellular algae, ciliates, and rotifers. Therefore, it is always worthwhile to examine the thalli more closely. In addition to ponds and bogs, Chaetophoropsis elegans is also native to freshwater aquariums, where it colonizes aquatic plants, wood, or glass as light green balls or cushions. It is undesirable among aquarists but difficult to remove.

Chaetophoropsis-elegans

Fig. 1: Chaetophoropsis elegans. D = 460–2100 µm (of thalli). Overview of three squashed thalli. Obj. 4 X.

Chaetophoropsis-elegans

Fig. 2: Chaetophoropsis elegans. A section of a thallus as shown in fig. 1. Obj. 20 X.

Chaetophoropsis-elegans

Fig. 3: Chaetophoropsis elegans. The branched distal ends of filaments. The terminal cells are tapered and bluntly pointed. Obj. 40 X.

Chaetophoropsis-elegans

Fig. 4: Chaetophoropsis elegans. A branched filament with some setae (SE) lacking chloroplasts. Obj. 20 X.

Chaetophoropsis-elegans

Fig. 5: Chaetophoropsis elegans. The formation of a seta (SE) from cells containing chloroplasts. As the seta grows, the chloroplasts are continuously degraded. With ongoing cell division, the protoplasts also die, so that at the distal end, empty cells form the setae. Nu = nucleus. Obj. 100 X.

Chaetophoropsis-elegans

Fig. 6: Chaetophoropsis elegans. Two filaments near the center of the thallus. Obj. 60 X.

Chaetophoropsis-elegans

Fig. 7 a-b: Chaetophoropsis elegans. Two focal planes of a branched filament near the center of the thallus. Nu = nucleus, PY = pyrenoid. Obj. 100 X.

Chaetophoropsis-elegans

Fig. 8: Chaetophoropsis elegans. The colony center (CCE) with elongated cells serving as a rhizoid to fix the thallus to a substrate. Obj. 60 X.