Stokesia vernalis Wenrich, 1929
Most likely ID: n.a.
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Synonym: n.a.
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Sampling location: Mühlhalden pond, Pond of the waste disposal company Constance, Simmelried
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Phylogenetic tree: Stokesia vernalis
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Diagnosis:Â
- body cap-shaped in lateral view, with roundes corners
- in ventral view slightly heart-shaped
- diameter 100–220 µm
- oral apparatus an elongated depression
- oral cavity with three adoral membranelles
- an almost circular suture arise from oral apparatus
- macronucleus ellipsoidal, at right side of body
- 1–4 micronuclei
- contractile vacuole dorsal, with collecting ducts, 3–5 excretion pores
- fringe of extrusomes beneath pellicle, fusiform, 8 µm
- symbiotic algae present, sometimes one few cells
- ventral about 250 longitudinal ciliary rows
- dorsal side glabrous, except of suture
- cortex with rectangular pattern
I only find Stokesia vernalis at long intervals of several years, mainly in the plankton. However, I have also observed a large population between floating plants in the Simmelried in May 2020.
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The body shape of Stokesia vernalis is somewhat difficult to capture because the specimens swim in a tumbling motion. If the layer thickness is reduced, the specimens deform quickly.
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In lateral view, the body is cap-shaped, with the tip of the cap forming the dorsal side. The ventral side, in the middle of which lies the mouth opening, is almost flat (s. fig. 1 a-b). Ventrally, the body is slightly heart-shaped, as it is slightly constricted by a suture running around almost the whole body. I myself could not recognize this heart shape in freely swimming specimens. In fixed, slightly squashed specimens, this constriction caused by the sutuere is no longer recognizable.
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The oral apparatus is an elongated groove at the base of which runs a broad adoral membranelle. Two further, narrower membranelles are recognizable to the left of it (s. fig. 3 a-b). Finally, at the right margin of the mouth opening there is an undulating membrane, which I could not recognize exactly.
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The contractile vacuole is located dorsally and has star-shaped collecting ducts (s. fig. 4 a-b). The collected water is released through several excretory pores. In my population mostly 4–5 excretory pores were visible (s. fig. 4 b).
Fig. 1 a-b: Stokesia vernalis. D = 147 µm. A freely swimming specimen in lateral view. The body is cap-shaped with rounded corners. Note the glabrous dorsal side apart of the row of cilia of the post-oral suture (POS). OA = oral apparatus. Obj. 40 X.
Fig. 2 a-b: Stokesia vernalis. Two focal planes of a slightly squashed specimen from ventral. EX = extrusomes, FV = food vacuoles, Ma = macronucleus, OA = oral apparatus. Obj. 60 X.
Fig. 3 a-b: Stokesia vernalis. Two focal planes of the oral apparatus in a squashed specimen. There are three adoral membranelles (M1-M3) visible. The mebranelle 3 is the broadest. In the cytoplasm many scattered mitochondria (Mit) are visible. Obj. 100 X.
Fig. 4 a-b: Stokesia vernalis. The contractile vacuole (CV) with collecting ducts (CD) is located on the dorsal side. The contractile vacuole of this specimen has 5 excretion pores (EP). Obj. 60 X.